Meeting Phosphate Requirements
Plant-Available Phosphate is Usually Low
Soils can be high in total soil phosphate but low in plant-available phosphate because much of the soil phosphate gets tied up in unavailable forms. As the crop takes up available phosphate, some of the unavailable phosphate is converted to available phosphate. However, this conversion does not take place fast enough to meet the demands of high yielding crops. As a result, crops will likely be deficient in phosphate.
Factors Affecting Phosphate Availability:
- Soils high in clay content tie up more phosphate than lighter soils.
- Phosphate is less available at colder soil temperatures.
- Availability is better in moist soils.
- Phosphate is more available in soils with a pH of 6.5 to 7.
- Plants with fibrous roots are better able to take up available phosphate through better soil exploration than plants with a tap root.
Phosphate removal (lb. P2O5 per acre) by crops
| Crop | Yield per acre | Plant Uptake* | Removal** |
| Corn | 150 bushel | 75 - 110 | 55 - 66 |
| Soybean | 50 bushel | 40 - 50 | 40 - 44 |
| Winter Wheat | 75 bushel | 50 - 55 | 40 - 50 |
| Barley | 75 bushel | 35 - 40 | 28 - 30 |
| Oats | 75 bushel | 30 - 35 | 19 |
| Dry Beans | 30 bushel | na | 25 |
| Pea | 50 bushel | 38 - 46 | 31 - 38 |
| Legume Haylage | 5 tons/acre | na | 50 - 80 |
| Grass Haylage | 4 tons/acre | na | 35 - 55 |
| Legume Hay, 1st cut | 5 tons/acre | na | 50 - 80 |
| Grass Hay, 1st cut | 4 tons/acre | na | 35 - 55 |
| Grass Hay, 2nd cut | 3 tons/acre | na | 35 - 50 |
*Plant uptake is total nutrient taken up by the crop.
**Removal is the amount of nutrient in the harvested portion of the crop.
Source: Canadian Fertilizer Institute.
**Removal is the amount of nutrient in the harvested portion of the crop.
Source: Canadian Fertilizer Institute.


